why do men die more often than women from corona virus?

The recurring theme of corona virus outbreak!

As the cases of newly formed corona virus has been devastating globally, many questions are being raised in the course of this deadly pandemic.

Usually, men die earlier than women and according to statistics shown by a survey,

Average life span of women is 5 to 7 years more than men. 57% of 65 and older are women, by the age of 85, 67% are women!

Men to women ratio is roughly equal in young adulthood but it decreases when reaches to overtime!

Why? Is it genes, hormones, the immune system – or behaviour – that makes men more susceptible to the disease?

I see it as an interaction of all these factors and the men and women’s typical response to different diseases.

In this contemporary outbreak, many men are being effected at a higher rate and the fatality rate is even more than women. But then we must ask why men are more vulnerable to the diseases that put them at greater risk of COVID-19.

Having a well responding fighter immune system

A good immune system in a person fight against foreign invaders to body like germs, bacteria, virus, fungi. Immune system is activated by the antigens(protein on the surface of pathogens).

when disease causing pathogens enter the body, the immune system stimulates and copies the RNA of the invader and then sends antibodies to fight against them.

Once the disease causing virus enters the body it is under the trap of immune system but if immune is weaker, the virus cells destroy the host cells thus, prone to death.

Person who experienced the virus before since the immune has copied its gene, could fight effectively if the virus entered their body for the second time and could get away from it.

Women possess an enhanced capability of producing antibodies. Different response in immune system can also be due to sex hormones and environmental factors.

Sex hormones are also given priority in functioning immune system. Men produce testosterone while it is unfortunately an immunosuppressant and women produce oestrogen which is a immune enhancer.

Having a stronger immune system is not all good, because it makes women more susceptible to autoimmune diseases such as lupus and multiple sclerosis.

But it gives women an advantage when it comes to susceptibility to viruses, as many studies in mice and humans show. This helps to explain why men are more susceptible to many viruses, including SARS and MERS.

Pregnant women have immune system supported to both baby and mother. since, one immune is efficiently fighting for two, the response to fight such viruses could be slow.

There are at least 60 immune response genes on the X chromosome, and it seems that a higher dose and having two different versions of these gives women a broader spectrum of defences.

Two X chromosomes are better than one

The X chromosome bears more than 1,000 genes with functions in all sorts of things including routine metabolism, blood clotting and brain development.

The presence of two X chromosomes in XX females provides a buffer if a gene on one X is mutated.

XY males lack this X chromosome backup. That’s why boys suffer from many sex-linked diseases such as haemophilia (poor blood clotting).

The number of X chromosomes also has big effects on many metabolic characters that are separable from sex hormone effects, as studies of mice reveal.

Females not only have a double dose of many X genes, but they may also have the benefit of two different versions of each gene.

This X effect, hormones and immune system goes far to explain why males die at a higher rate than females at every age from birth.

Thank you:)

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